Chapter 3: Natural Attractions: Waterfalls and Rivers of Jharkhand

Chapter 3: Natural Attractions: Waterfalls and Rivers of Jharkhand

Abstract:

Jharkhand has many waterfalls and rivers, including Hundru Falls, Jonha Falls, Dassam Falls, Lodh Falls, and the Raru River. 

Waterfalls

• Hundru Falls

  A 320-foot waterfall on the Subarnarekha River in Ranchi. The base of the falls has a pool for swimming and picnics. 
• Jonha Falls

  Also known as Gautamdhara Falls, this 141-foot waterfall is located on the Gunga River, a tributary of the Subarnarekha. It's accessible by 722 steps. 
• Dassam Falls

  Located on the Kachni River near Taimara village in Ranchi. The falls are also known as Dassam Garh. 
• Hirni Falls

  A 37-meter waterfall set in a dense forest. It's visible from the ground. 
• Lodh Falls

  Also known as Budha Ghagh, this is the highest waterfall in Jharkhand. It's located in the Palamau Tiger Reserve. 

Rivers

• Raru River: A river that flows through Ranchi, and is known for its captivating scenery. 
• Subarnarekha River: A river that flows through Ranchi, and is home to Hundru Falls. 

1. Introduction 

Ranchi is known as the "City of Waterfalls" because of its many waterfalls. 

Jharkhand, a state known for its abundant natural beauty, is home to a number of stunning waterfalls and rivers that contribute significantly to its charm. These natural marvels not only enhance the landscape but also have cultural, economic, and ecological importance. This chapter explores the most prominent waterfalls and rivers in the state: Hundru Falls, Dassam Falls, Jonha Falls, and the Subarnarekha and Damodar rivers.

2. Hundru Falls

Hundru Falls is one of the most famous waterfalls in Jharkhand, located about 45 kilometers from Ranchi, the state capital. Nestled amidst the rocky terrains of the Ranchi Plateau, the waterfall is formed by the Subarnarekha River. The waterfall is approximately 98 meters (322 feet) high and cascades down the rocks in a stunning display of nature’s power and beauty.

Hundru Falls is a popular destination for tourists, especially nature enthusiasts and adventure seekers. The scenic beauty of the surrounding forest area, combined with the sound of rushing water, creates a tranquil atmosphere. The waterfall also holds religious significance for some, as it is located near the village of the same name, which is considered sacred by local tribal communities.

Visitors to Hundru Falls can enjoy activities like trekking, picnicking, and exploring the nearby natural surroundings. The monsoon season is particularly dramatic when the waterfall is in full flow, making it an even more impressive sight.

3. Dassam Falls

Dassam Falls, also known as Dasham Falls, is another breathtaking waterfall located around 40 kilometers from Ranchi, in the Khunti district of Jharkhand. It is created by the Kanchi River, which flows through dense forests before plunging down from a height of about 44 meters (144 feet). The falls are situated in a picturesque landscape of lush greenery, which makes the spot popular among tourists seeking a serene retreat.

Dassam Falls is characterized by its multiple streams that create a mesmerizing view as they tumble over the rocky outcrops. The water splashes into a large pool at the bottom, where visitors can enjoy a refreshing bath or simply relax by the water’s edge. The area around Dassam Falls is ideal for photography, picnics, and nature walks.

The falls are also a part of the local tribal culture, with the surrounding region being home to various indigenous communities who consider the area sacred. The natural beauty of Dassam Falls, along with its tranquil atmosphere, makes it one of the most loved tourist spots in Jharkhand.

3. Jonha Falls

Jonha Falls is another magnificent waterfall in Jharkhand, situated approximately 40 kilometers from Ranchi, in the southern part of the state. It is also known as the Gautam Dhara Falls, named after the sage Gautama Rishi, who is believed to have meditated near the falls in ancient times. The waterfall is formed by the Raru River, which flows through rocky terrain before cascading down a height of 41 meters (135 feet).

Jonha Falls is located in a serene, forested area and is a popular destination for both tourists and devotees. The surroundings are ideal for picnics, nature walks, and bird watching, while the sound of the water and the cool breeze provide a peaceful environment for visitors. The falls also have a religious aspect, with an old temple dedicated to Gautama Rishi located near the site. The temple adds a spiritual touch to the otherwise natural beauty of Jonha Falls.

Accessing Jonha Falls requires a short trek through the dense forests, adding an element of adventure for those who visit. The best time to visit Jonha Falls is during the monsoon season when the waterfall is at its most impressive, but it remains a tranquil destination year-round.

4. Subarnarekha River

The Subarnarekha River, one of the major rivers in Jharkhand, is known for its historical and cultural significance. The river originates in the state of Jharkhand, specifically from the Ranchi Plateau, and flows through the states of West Bengal and Odisha before finally draining into the Bay of Bengal. The Subarnarekha is approximately 400 kilometers long and is considered one of the lifelines of the region.

The river’s name, which translates to "golden streak," is believed to come from the ancient belief that gold was once found in its sands, particularly in the areas around Ranchi. The Subarnarekha is an important river for irrigation, providing water to the agricultural lands in the regions it flows through.

The river also has several significant tributaries, such as the Kanchi River, which contribute to its flow. The Subarnarekha River basin supports diverse ecosystems and provides a vital source of water for local communities. Its banks are home to several towns and villages, and the river plays an essential role in the livelihoods of the people.

5. Damodar River

The Damodar River is another prominent river in Jharkhand, known as the "Sorrow of Bengal" due to its history of floods. It originates in the Chotanagpur Plateau, in the region of Jharkhand, and flows through West Bengal before entering the Bay of Bengal. The Damodar is around 592 kilometers long and has been a crucial water source for the region’s agricultural and industrial activities.

Historically, the Damodar River has been known for its destructive floods, which often caused widespread damage in the area. To mitigate the impact of these floods, the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) was established to manage the river’s flow, build dams, and regulate water levels for power generation and irrigation. The river’s basin is home to numerous coal mines and industrial complexes, making it an essential part of the state’s economy.

The Damodar River is also home to diverse wildlife and has become a hub for activities like fishing and boating. While the river’s history with floods is infamous, its significance for the economy, ecology, and culture of Jharkhand cannot be overstated.

6. Conclusion

The waterfalls and rivers of Jharkhand are not only spectacular natural wonders but also vital components of the state's cultural and economic fabric. Hundru Falls, Dassam Falls, and Jonha Falls offer stunning vistas and serve as popular tourist spots, while the Subarnarekha and Damodar rivers provide life-sustaining water for the region’s agriculture, industries, and communities. Together, these natural features contribute to the rich biodiversity and vibrant heritage of Jharkhand, making the state a key destination for nature lovers and adventure seekers alike.

References:

1. ^ "Jharkhand – At a Glance". Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
2. ^"Adventure capital of the east, Jharkhand will drive you crazy". nyoooz.com. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
3. ^ "About : Official Website of Government of Jharkhand". www.jharkhand.gov.in. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2017
4. ^ "Prominent national-l park sanctuaries of jharkhand". news9live. 13 November 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
5. ^ "Birds and animals found in the forest of the Palamau district". Official website of the Palamau district. Archived from the original on 12 January 2009. Retrieved 5 April 2009.