Appendix B: Glossary of SPC & Quality Terms
Appendix B Glossary of SPC & Quality Terms A Assignable Cause (Special Cause): A source of variation that is identifiable and correctable, arising from specific circumstances such as machine malfunction or operator error. Acceptance Sampling: A statistical quality control technique used to decide whether to accept or reject a lot based on a sample. Attribute Data: Quality data that are counted or classified, such as number of defects or defectives. B Benchmarking: The process of comparing performance metrics with industry best practices. Binomial Distribution: A probability distribution used for modeling attribute data in p and np charts. C Cause-and-Effect Diagram (Fishbone Diagram): A graphical tool used to identify potential causes of process variation. c-Chart: A control chart used to monitor the number of defects per inspection unit. Center Line (CL): The middle line on a control chart representing the process average. Common Cause Variation: Natural, random variat...