Chapter 11: Wildlife and Conservation – Guardians of the Hills
11.0: Introduction Himachal Pradesh’s diverse altitudinal range—from subtropical foothills to alpine meadows—harbors a remarkable array of flora and fauna. From elusive snow leopards prowling high ridges to vibrant Western tragopans in oak forests, the state is a living laboratory of biodiversity. Yet this natural wealth faces pressures from development, tourism, and climate change. Conservation efforts by government agencies, NGOs, and local communities strive to balance protection with sustainable livelihoods. 11.1 Biodiversity Hotspots Himachal falls within two global biodiversity hotspots—the Himalaya and the Indo-Burma region —making it a priority area for conservation. Key habitats include: Western Himalayan Moist Temperate Forests : Home to oak, fir, and cedar, these forests shelter species like the Himalayan black bear, barking deer, and pangolin. Subalpine and Alpine Meadows : Above the tree line, these meadows burst with rhododendrons and alpine he...