Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistical Process Control (SPC)
Abstract : Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a data-driven method using statistical tools, primarily control charts, to monitor, control, and improve processes by distinguishing between common-cause (inherent) and special-cause (external) variation, ensuring processes stay predictable and stable, reducing defects, and driving continuous quality improvement in manufacturing and other fields. Core Concepts: Goal: Achieve consistent, predictable processes with minimal variation. Variation: All processes have variation; SPC identifies its sources. Common Cause Variation: Natural, random variation inherent in the process (e.g., slight machine wear). Special Cause Variation (Assignable Cause): External, unusual events (e.g., operator error, faulty material) that signal the process is out of control. Control Charts (Shewhart Charts): The key tool, plotting data over time with upper and lower control limits (UCL/LCL) around a central line (CL). In Control: Points within li...