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Abstract: When discussing sensors in terms of perception, the main types include:  proximity sensors which detect the presence of an object without physical contact, tactile sensors that measure physical contact and force applied, vision sensors (like cameras) that capture visual information, and force sensors which specifically measure the magnitude of applied force .   Explanation of each type: Proximity sensors: Use various methods like ultrasonic waves, infrared light, or magnetic fields to determine how close an object is without touching it.   Examples: capacitive proximity sensors, photoelectric sensors, inductive sensors.   Tactile sensors: Detect direct physical contact with an object, often measuring the pressure or force applied.   Can be designed to sense pressure distribution across a surface, providing detailed information about the object's shape and texture.   Examples: piezoresistive tactile sensors, piezoelectric tactile senso...

Abstract : Sensor technology is the use of electronic devices to detect and respond to changes in the physical environment. Sensors are used to measure and convert physical, chemical, or biological properties into readable signals. These signals can be used to automate and control processes, collect data for analysis, and improve efficiency, accuracy, and safety.  Sensor technology How it works Sensors detect and convert physical, chemical, or biological properties into readable signals What it's used for Manufacturing, transportation, healthcare, consumer electronics, and more Benefits Improves efficiency, accuracy, and safety Recent advances Electroactive polymers, nanotechnology, machine learning, and TinyML Here are some examples of sensors: Temperature sensors: One of the first temperature sensors was based on a copper resistor and developed in the late 1800s.  Biochemical sensors: ISFETs are a type of MOSFET that are used in biomedical applications.  Sma...