Chapter 2: Natural Attractions – National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries of Jharkhand

Prof.(Dr.) D G Mahto, Founder & CEO -

(Image Source: Wildlife Institute of India )

Chapter 2: Natural Attractions – National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries

Abstract:

Jharkhand has one national park, Betla National Park, and several wildlife sanctuaries, including Hazaribagh, Lawalong, and Palamau. 
National parks 
  • Betla National Park: Located in the Latehar and Palamu districts, this park is part of the Palamu Tiger Reserve. It's home to Royal Bengal tigers, Indian Pitta, and Crested Serpent Eagle.
Wildlife sanctuaries
  • Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary
    Located in the north-eastern part of Jharkhand, this sanctuary is home to deer, monkeys, and birds. 
  • Lawalong Sanctuary
    Located in the north-western part of Jharkhand, this sanctuary is home to panthers, wild boars, and a large bird population. 
  • Palamau Wildlife Sanctuary
    Part of the Palamau Tiger Reserve, this sanctuary is home to tigers, elephants, leopards, gaurs, and sambars. 
  • Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary
    One of the wildlife sanctuaries in Jharkhand. 
Other wildlife sanctuaries in Jharkhand are
Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary, 
Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary, Mahuadanr Wildlife Sanctuary, Palkot Wildlife Sanctuary, and Parasnath Wildlife Sanctuary. 

Jharkhand has a diverse flora and fauna, including the Indian elephant, which is the state animal. 

1. Introduction:

India is home to some of the world's most diverse and vibrant ecosystems, with a rich array of flora and fauna. These ecosystems are preserved in national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, which are integral to India's environmental conservation efforts. In this chapter, we explore the remarkable natural attractions, focusing on Betla National Park, Palamau Tiger Reserve, Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, and other important sanctuaries and parks, which are not only vital for biodiversity but also play a key role in eco-tourism.

2. Betla National Park

Located in the Palamau district of Jharkhand, Betla National Park is one of the oldest national parks in India. It was established in 1989 and covers an area of about 1,026 square kilometers. Betla is renowned for its lush forests, rich wildlife, and rugged terrain. The park's dense forests are interspersed with clearings, waterholes, and bamboo groves, making it an ideal habitat for many species of wildlife.

Flora and Fauna: Betla National Park boasts a variety of flora, including sal, bamboo, mahua, and several medicinal plants. The park's fauna is equally diverse, with animals such as Bengal tigers, Indian leopards, sloth bears, elephants, and various species of deer. The park is also home to numerous bird species, such as the Indian roller, hornbills, and several migratory birds. The variety of animals, birds, and reptiles makes Betla a prime destination for wildlife enthusiasts and photographers.

Conservation Efforts: Betla is also part of the Palamau Tiger Reserve, which plays a crucial role in the conservation of tigers in the region. The park's management focuses on anti-poaching efforts, forest regeneration, and habitat preservation. The reserve also promotes community involvement to ensure the sustainability of the park's ecosystem.

Tourism: Tourism in Betla National Park is growing, with visitors drawn to its jungle safaris, birdwatching opportunities, and serene environment. The park offers jeep safaris that allow tourists to explore its diverse landscapes. Betla's beauty and tranquility, along with its rich wildlife, make it a sought-after destination for eco-tourism.

3. Palamau Tiger Reserve

Situated in the same region as Betla National Park, Palamau Tiger Reserve is one of the most important tiger reserves in India. It was declared a tiger reserve in 1973 under the Project Tiger initiative and is spread over an area of 1,129 square kilometers. The reserve encompasses dense forests, grasslands, and valleys, creating an excellent environment for a variety of species.

Flora and Fauna: The tiger reserve is home to several species of flora, including sal, bamboo, and various other tropical trees. The most iconic animal in the reserve is the Bengal tiger, but the reserve is also home to other important species, such as leopards, wild boars, elephants, and many species of deer. The Palamau Tiger Reserve is also a sanctuary for birds like the Indian hornbill, crested serpent eagle, and several species of owls and vultures.

Conservation Challenges: Despite its importance, the Palamau Tiger Reserve faces challenges, such as poaching, habitat destruction, and human-wildlife conflict. Conservation programs focus on monitoring tiger populations, ensuring habitat corridors for wildlife movement, and providing local communities with alternatives to poaching.

Tourism: Tourists visit the Palamau Tiger Reserve for its adventure safaris, wildlife viewing, and birdwatching. The reserve offers guided tours, allowing visitors to explore its pristine environment and spot elusive wildlife, especially tigers. The presence of elephants and the scenic beauty of the area also make it a popular spot for nature lovers.

4. Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary

The Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, located near Jamshedpur in Jharkhand, covers an area of 1,100 square kilometers. It is named after the Dalma Hills, which are home to the sanctuary. The sanctuary is famous for its scenic landscapes, which include dense forests, rocky outcrops, and numerous streams.

Flora and Fauna: Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary is known for its diverse range of flora and fauna. The sanctuary is primarily covered with sal and bamboo trees, along with a variety of medicinal plants and shrubs. Dalma is home to several animal species, including elephants, leopards, wild boars, and various types of deer. The sanctuary is also a haven for bird watchers, with species such as the red junglefowl, Indian peafowl, and migratory birds populating the area.

Conservation Efforts: Dalma’s elephants are a key attraction, with the sanctuary serving as a critical corridor for elephant migration. Efforts are focused on preventing human-elephant conflict, ensuring the safety of elephants, and preserving their habitat. The sanctuary also focuses on preserving other species through habitat restoration and anti-poaching initiatives.

Tourism: Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary offers eco-tourism opportunities, such as trekking, wildlife safaris, and birdwatching. The Dalma Hills, with their panoramic views, are a popular spot for visitors seeking to experience nature in its purest form. The sanctuary’s tranquil environment makes it a perfect destination for those looking to escape the bustle of city life.

5. Conclusion

India’s national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, such as Betla National Park, Palamau Tiger Reserve, Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, and many others, are vital to the preservation of the country's rich biodiversity. These areas not only protect endangered species but also provide opportunities for eco-tourism, education, and research. With continued efforts in conservation and sustainable tourism, these natural attractions will continue to thrive, offering a glimpse into the beauty and complexity of India’s natural world.

References

  1. ^ "Hazaribagh Sanctuary". protectedplanet.net. Archived from the original on 13 March 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
  2. ^ Educational Britannica Educational (1 July 2010). The Geography of India: Sacred and Historic Places. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 109. ISBN 978-1-61530-202-4. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
  3. ^  to:a b c Ramchandani, Indu (2000). Students' Britannica India. Popular Prakashan. p. 261. ISBN 978-0-85229-760-5. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
  4. ^ "Jharkhand's Hazaribagh National Park is a myth. It does not exist". The Print. 28 August 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  5. ^ Vatsa, Mihir (23 September 2017). "Tiger Fall, the waterfall that wasn't". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  6. ^ to:a b "Hazaribagh: Once the abode of tigers, now an example of the 'empty forest' syndrome". Indian Express. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  7. ^ Sharad Singh Negi (2002). Handbook of National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries and Biosphere Reserves in India. Indus Publishing Company. p. 118. ISBN 9788173871283. Retrieved 23 January 2025.
  8. ^ "Safari boost to tourist footfall". 21 June 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2025.
  9. ^ "Trap camera links loitering tiger to Palamu reserve, Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary on alert as big cat returns". Telegraph India. 1 February 2025. Retrieved 1 February 2025.
  10. https://unacademy.com/content/bank-exam/study-material/general-awareness/wildlife-sanctuaries-in-jharkhand/
  11. https://testbook.com/jharkhand-gk/wildlife-sanctuaries-in-jharkhand
  12. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wildlife_sanctuaries_in_Jharkhand 
Prof. (Dr.) D. G. Mahto is a multifaceted professional, serving as a Director, Professor, Philanthropist, HEI Builder, prolific writer, international consultant, reviewer, and expert career advisor at "Career Education for Success—Discover, Apply, Succeed!" He has guided countless individuals, products, and brands in discovering their true potential through insightful content, purposeful concepts, and motivational writing. With a deep sense of leadership and a commitment to community upliftment, he inspires others with his success stories and takes on the challenge of driving technological transformation, redefining social impact, and fostering interpersonal relationships for a more meaningful, balanced life. Prof. Mahto is dedicated to bridging the gap between dreams and reality for young people, striving for qualitative change in their lives. To explore his articles, books, and international journal contributions, visit his blogs at Career Education Success Now, Career Edus, and Discover Knowledge Wisely. You can also reach out to him via email.

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