Appendix 1: Glossary of Important Electric Vehicle Terms

An EV glossary covers vehicle types (BEV, PHEV, HEV), power/charging terms (kW, kWh, AC/DC, CCS, Level 1/2/3), and key technologies like Regenerative Braking, Battery Management Systems (BMS), and Range Anxiety, defining essential vocabulary for understanding electric vehicles, from all-electric cars (BEV) to hybrids (PHEV/HEV) and charging infrastructure. 

Vehicle Types

• BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle): Runs purely on electricity from a large battery, requiring plug-in charging (e.g., Tesla Model 3).
• PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle): Combines an electric motor/battery with a gasoline engine, offering electric-only range and extended hybrid driving (e.g., Toyota Prius Prime).
• HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle): Uses a gasoline engine primarily, with a small battery and motor for improved efficiency, but cannot be plugged in (e.g., standard Prius).
• FCEV (Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle): Uses hydrogen fuel to generate electricity, with water as the only emission.
• ICE (Internal Combustion Engine): Traditional gasoline or diesel engine. 

Charging & Power

• AC/DC: Alternating Current (Level 1/2) and Direct Current (Level 3/DC Fast Charging) power types.
• Amp (Ampere): Measures electrical current.
• kW (Kilowatt): Unit of power (1,000 Watts).
• kWh (Kilowatt-Hour): Unit of energy, measuring battery capacity.
• Charging Station/Point/EVSE: Facilities or equipment that supply power to EVs.
• Level 1/2/3 Charging: Charging speeds, from slow (Level 1, 120V) to fast (Level 3, DCFC).
• CCS (Combined Charging System): A popular connector standard for AC/DC charging. 

Key Technologies & Features

• Regenerative Braking: Recaptures energy during braking to recharge the battery.
• BMS (Battery Management System): Monitors and manages battery health, charge, and temperature.
• Range Anxiety: Fear of running out of battery charge before reaching a charging point.
• eTrunk (Frunk): An extra storage compartment in the front of some EVs. 

An EV glossary covers vehicle types (BEV, PHEV, HEV), power/charging terms (kW, kWh, AC/DC, CCS, Level 1/2/3), and key technologies like Regenerative Braking, Battery Management Systems (BMS), and Range Anxiety, defining essential vocabulary for understanding electric vehicles, from all-electric cars (BEV) to hybrids (PHEV/HEV) and charging infrastructure. 

Vehicle Types

• BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle): Runs purely on electricity from a large battery, requiring plug-in charging (e.g., Tesla Model 3).
• PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle): Combines an electric motor/battery with a gasoline engine, offering electric-only range and extended hybrid driving (e.g., Toyota Prius Prime).
• HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle): Uses a gasoline engine primarily, with a small battery and motor for improved efficiency, but cannot be plugged in (e.g., standard Prius).
• FCEV (Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle): Uses hydrogen fuel to generate electricity, with water as the only emission.
• ICE (Internal Combustion Engine): Traditional gasoline or diesel engine. 

Charging & Power

• AC/DC: Alternating Current (Level 1/2) and Direct Current (Level 3/DC Fast Charging) power types.
• Amp (Ampere): Measures electrical current.
• kW (Kilowatt): Unit of power (1,000 Watts).
• kWh (Kilowatt-Hour): Unit of energy, measuring battery capacity.
• Charging Station/Point/EVSE: Facilities or equipment that supply power to EVs.
• Level 1/2/3 Charging: Charging speeds, from slow (Level 1, 120V) to fast (Level 3, DCFC).
• CCS (Combined Charging System): A popular connector standard for AC/DC charging. 

Key Technologies & Features

• Regenerative Braking: Recaptures energy during braking to recharge the battery.
• BMS (Battery Management System): Monitors and manages battery health, charge, and temperature.
• Range Anxiety: Fear of running out of battery charge before reaching a charging point.
• eTrunk (Frunk): An extra storage compartment in the front of some EVs.