What is Boring Machine, Where it is Used and How? Know It's Types and Specifications!
Boring is a subtractive manufacturing technique used to enlarge a pre-drilled or casted hole yet enhance its dimensional accuracy. The process uses a single-point cutting tool to remove material parts from the interior of a workpiece.
Depending on the required hole size and specifications, boring is the ideal method for machining holes of different precision grades, diameters, and positional restrictions. In fact, it’s more suitable than drilling for creating holes of large sizes because of its improved accuracy.
There are different boring tools and machines capable of other applications.
All boring tools perform three basic operations, namely:
- Widening holes to the precise and accurate size and finish.
- Straighten pre-drilled or threaded holes and rectify casting defects.
- Make concentric holes with an external diameter.
The types of boring machines Examples include:
- Line boring machines
- Tunnel boring machines
- Horizontal boring machines
- Directional boring machines
- Cylinder boring machines
- Jig boring machines
- Portable boring machines
- Vertical boring machines
- Coupling boring machines
Classification of Boring Machines:
Boring machines are manufactured in various different designs & sizes. They can be broadly classified in to the following three types.
1. Horizontal Boring Machines.
2. Vertical Boring Machine.
3. Jig Boring Machine.
The first two types are production machines used in general production work, the last one is a precision machine, used for precision boring operations, such as Jig Boring.
Horizontal Boring Machine:
Horizontal boring machines are of various types such as Table type, Planer type, Floor type, and Multiple head type etc each of these suitable for a certain range of operations, but of all these the table type or universal type is most versatile and commonly used. The spindle of this machine is capable of holding drills, and milling cutters as well to perform the operations of drilling and milling hence this machine is called horizontal boring, drilling and milling machine.
Boring is one of the crucial machines used in industries. However, some boring machine is not suitable for producing custom machine parts. On the other hand, the horizontal boring machine is capable of manufacturing unique industrial parts with a high degree of precision. Here are some of the benefits of a boring machine.
- Can produce large format machined parts.
- Reduce tool deflection.
- Ability to produce parts in large quantities.
- High surface finish can be obtained.
How should a hole be prepared before boring?
When castings and weldments are possible, rough and fine boring operations are best carried out after the workpiece has been machined to square the hole to the entry surface. When a hole has been chamfered and the rough or semi bore is clear of any chatter or deep scallops made by rough milling, fine boring tools should also be used to enter the hole.
When should roughing be considered, and when finish boring?
The hole diameter tolerance, material stock on tolerance, length to diameter ratio, cast parts, and surface finish are the five primary criteria to take into account when determining whether to employ a roughing or finishing procedure. Firstly, it is necessary to use a finishing head with precise adjustment if the diameter tolerance is less than about four thousandths of an inch. Finish boring heads are typically not intended to remove stock with a diameter more than 40 thousandths of an inch. A roughing head should be used to open up the hole if the initial one has more stock than this. Secondly, a rough boring head should be used to true up the hole before finishing when the length of the bore is longer, because the longer the hole, the greater the likelihood that it isn’t completely straight. A casting method often results in holes that are significantly undersized, curved ovular, and somewhat out of alignment. These holes should be prepared using a roughing head. And finally, a finish boring head is usually necessary for a bore with a tight surface finish.
How to be certain that the length of the boring tools is appropriate?
Diameter and gauge length are not the only factors to be considered for right-sized tooling. The reach required to reach the bore and its depth must also be taken into consideration. In other words, the setup for eight inches of reach should be planned if the hole is three inches deep, but the tool needs to reach five inches to get to the bore.
Can production be done using an extended range insert holder?
Shops frequently swap out the insert holders with internal parts from other applications. In small-batch situations, doing this can be a wise decision. However, attempting to increase production from the same arrangement would result in passable but not the most productive results. It is preferable to use an assembly with a bigger modular connection size and boring head. In addition to improving balance by moving the insert holder closer to the boring head, this will lower the length to diameter ratio.
How to keep chips under control while boring?
Cutting speed optimization is the first step here. High cutting speeds typically result in cutting conditions that keep the chip load constant. It is essential to find the chip load in inches-per-revolutions that produces C-shaped chips that are as short as possible. Performing a test cut to improve chip shape is also advisable as it might be worthwhile in the long run.
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