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Chapter Overview Python’s true power lies in its rich ecosystem of libraries that extend its capabilities across data science, web development, machine learning, automation, and more. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of popular and powerful Python libraries across different domains. It explores their core features, real-world use cases, and how they enable advanced Python programming. 30.1 Introduction to Python Libraries A Python library is a collection of modules that provide functions and tools for performing specific tasks. Libraries help developers avoid reinventing the wheel and accelerate application development. Benefits of Using Libraries: Reduce development time Improve code readability and reliability Enable complex functionality with minimal code Promote standard practices and code reuse 30.2 Standard Python Libraries 30.2.1 math and cmath Used for basic and complex mathematical operations. import math print(math.sqrt(25))...

Chapter Overview In modern software development, version control is a fundamental requirement, especially for collaborative and open-source projects. GitHub, built on Git, is a powerful platform that enables Python developers to manage their code efficiently, collaborate with others, track issues, and automate workflows. This chapter explores the integration of Python programming with GitHub, offering a comprehensive guide to leveraging GitHub features to boost productivity, maintain cleaner repositories, and contribute to the wider developer community. 29.1 Introduction to Git and GitHub Git is a distributed version control system that allows multiple developers to work on a project without overwriting each other's changes. GitHub is a cloud-based hosting service for Git repositories. It adds features like pull requests, issue tracking, GitHub Actions, and project wikis. Benefits for Python Developers: Version control of Python scripts and notebooks....

28.1 Introduction Software development is incomplete without rigorous testing. Unit testing ensures that individual parts of your program—typically functions and methods—work as intended. It helps catch bugs early, facilitates code changes, and improves design. Python offers built-in tools and third-party frameworks to support test-driven development (TDD). This chapter delves into the concepts, methodologies, and best practices of unit testing in Python, with practical examples. 28.2 What is Unit Testing? Unit Testing is the process of testing individual components or "units" of a program in isolation to ensure that they perform as expected. Each test case typically targets a specific function or method and checks its behavior against expected outputs. Benefits of Unit Testing Detects bugs early Facilitates refactoring Promotes cleaner design Supports continuous integration Enhances code reliability 28.3 The unittest Module in Python Py...